Maritime
Regulations
International maritime regulations are adopted by the IMO (International Maritime Organization) and implemented by flag states worldwide. Plain-language guides to SOLAS, MARPOL, STCW, MLC and all major conventions.
ALL CONVENTIONS
Major Maritime Regulations
All major IMO conventions explained in plain language — from SOLAS and MARPOL to the MLC 2006 and ISPS Code.
SOLAS
14 ChaptersSafety of Life at Sea — the most important international treaty concerning the safety of merchant ships. Covers construction, equipment, and operation.
MARPOL
6 AnnexesMarine Pollution — prevents pollution from ships including oil, noxious liquids, harmful packaged substances, sewage, garbage and air pollution.
STCW
8 ChaptersStandards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping — sets minimum qualification standards for officers and crew on seagoing ships.
MLC 2006
5 TitlesMaritime Labour Convention — known as the "seafarers bill of rights", sets minimum working and living standards for seafarers globally.
COLREG
5 Parts, 38 RulesCollision Regulations — the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea. The rules of the road for vessels on international waters.
ISM Code
16 ElementsInternational Safety Management Code — provides an international standard for the safe management and operation of ships and pollution prevention.
ISPS Code
2 PartsInternational Ship and Port Facility Security Code — comprehensive security regime for international shipping adopted post-9/11.
Load Line
3 AnnexesInternational Convention on Load Lines — limits the draught to which a ship may be loaded, ensuring adequate freeboard and stability.
IGC Code
17 ChaptersInternational Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Liquefied Gases in Bulk — applies to LNG and LPG carriers.
IMSBC
3 GroupsInternational Maritime Solid Bulk Cargoes Code — mandatory code governing the safe carriage of solid bulk cargoes by sea.
FAQ
Maritime Regulations FAQ
What is the most important maritime regulation?
SOLAS (Safety of Life at Sea) is widely considered the most important international treaty in maritime law. First adopted in 1914 following the Titanic disaster and revised several times, the current version dates from 1974. SOLAS prescribes minimum safety standards for ship construction, equipment and operation, and compliance is monitored by Port State Control authorities worldwide.
Who enforces maritime regulations?
Maritime regulations are enforced by multiple authorities: Flag State Administrations (the country whose flag the ship flies) have primary responsibility for ensuring their vessels comply with international conventions. Port State Control (PSC) officers in any port can inspect foreign vessels for compliance with international standards. Classification societies (Lloyd's Register, DNV, Bureau Veritas, etc.) conduct surveys and issue certificates on behalf of flag states.
What is the IMO?
The International Maritime Organization (IMO) is the United Nations specialized agency responsible for the safety and security of shipping and the prevention of marine pollution by ships. Established by treaty in 1948 and based in London, IMO has 175 member states. IMO adopts international conventions (such as SOLAS, MARPOL, STCW) and develops global standards for maritime safety, efficiency and environmental protection.
What is Port State Control (PSC)?
Port State Control (PSC) is the inspection of foreign ships in national ports to verify that the condition of the ship and its equipment comply with international regulations, and that the ship is manned and operated in compliance with those rules. PSC is organized through regional agreements including Paris MOU (Europe), Tokyo MOU (Asia Pacific), and others. A PSC inspection can result in detention if serious deficiencies are found.
What certificates must a merchant ship carry?
A typical cargo ship must carry: Safety Construction Certificate, Safety Equipment Certificate, Safety Radio Certificate, Load Line Certificate, International Oil Pollution Prevention Certificate (IOPP), International Air Pollution Prevention Certificate (IAPP), Document of Compliance (ISM), Safety Management Certificate (ISM), International Ship Security Certificate (ISPS), Minimum Safe Manning Document, and STCW certificates for all officers and crew. Flag state may require additional certificates.
